Are you S.A.D?

If you experience a heightened sense of fatigue, sadness, or loss of interest in hobbies throughout the darker seasons, you may be afflicted by Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD), a form of depression linked to seasonal changes. According to the Canadian Psychological Association, mild cases of SAD are reported by approximately 15% of Canadians, and 2-3% report serious cases.

Simply put, reduced sunlight can lead to melatonin overproduction, which increases fatigue, reduced serotonin, a neurotransmitter that regulates mood and sleep. Furthermore, lack of sunlight causes lower vitamin D levels, which can cause fatigue, muscle weakness, and mood changes. In short, all of the above contribute to the disruption of one’s circadian rhythm, hindering regular function.

Symptoms tend to begin in the fall and continue into the winter months, when daylight hours are shorter.  Here are some common symptoms of SAD:

• Persistent anxiety and/or sadness

• Increased or decreased appetite

• Social withdrawal

• Loss of excitement in usual interests

• Impairment of school or work performance

• Oversleeping

• Fatigue

• Pessimism

• Recurring seasonal pattern: Symptoms appear and disappear around the same time each year.

SAD can be diagnosed by beginning a conversation with a doctor to discuss symptoms and rule out other medical conditions that could cause similar issues. SAD can also be genetic, so you may be asked if it runs in your family history. 

If required, treatment can include light therapy, seeing a counsellor, or medication. However, SAD symptoms can also be reduced by simply getting outside, maintaining physical activity, spending time with friends and family, and, in general, living a healthy lifestyle. As our days become shorter, given the switch to Pacific Standard Time, it’s common to experience some form of low mood; SAD is something for all of us to look out for. Being conscious of it reminds us to be aware of our own wellbeing, and of the steps we can take to improve our mood through the darker months.